Embalaje químico para refinación de aceite

2025-06-27

En las operaciones de la unidad química, como la destilación, la absorción y la extracción en las empresas de refinación de petróleo, se requieren embalajes químicos de rendimiento específico para optimizar la eficiencia de transferencia de masa y calor. La siguiente es una descripción detallada de los tipos de embalajes químicos comúnmente utilizados y sus requisitos técnicos:

I. Tipos de embalajes químicos comúnmente utilizados en el refinado de petróleo enterprises

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1. Anillo en forma de anillo packings

Raschig : Estructura simple, principalmente hecha de cerámica, metales o plásticos. Originalmente utilizado en torres de destilación y absorción, pero con alta resistencia y baja eficiencia. Actualmente, se están eliminando gradualmente.

Pall Ring: Se abren dos capas de agujeros rectangulares en la pared del Raschig Ring, y las cuchillas curvas internas mejoran la distribución gas-líquido, reduciendo la resistencia en aproximadamente un 50% y aumentando la eficiencia en un 30%. Los materiales metálicos (como el acero inoxidable) son adecuados para medios que contienen azufre, alta presión y alta temperatura (como unidades de hidrogenación).

Cascade Mini Ring: La altura es solo la mitad del diámetro, con un extremo expandido, mejorando el contacto entre los embalajes y la distribución de líquidos. La eficiencia de transferencia de masa es entre un 10% y un 20% mayor que la del Pall Ring, y se utiliza a menudo en la sección de destilación inicial de torres de destilación de presión constante de petróleo crudo.

2. Sillín en forma de silla packings

Arc (Berl Saddle): Material cerámico, con una superficie curva. La distribución de líquidos es más uniforme que la de los embalajes en forma de anillo, pero es propensa a apilarse, lo que resulta en una disminución de la eficiencia. Ahora se utiliza menos.

Intalox Saddle (Rectangular Saddle): Mejora la estructura simétrica del sillín de arco para evitar apilamientos, tiene una mayor relación de vacíos y es resistente a la Es adecuado para torres de absorción (como torres de desulfuración), y el material cerámico es resistente a medios ácidos (como HS).

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Metal Anillo Intalox (sillín de metal): combina las ventajas de los embalajes en forma de anillo y de sillín, tiene una alta tasa de apertura, gran caudal y baja caída de presión. Es adecuado para la torre principal de fraccionamiento de unidades de craqueo catalítico y manejo de mezclas de petróleo y gas de alta carga.


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3. El embalaje regular de plástico packings

Material es PP, PVC, etc., ligero, resistente a la corrosión a baja temperatura, adecuado para torres de desulfuración a temperatura normal (como el método de etanolamina para la eliminación de HS), pero no resistente a altas temperaturas (generalmente 120 ℃). Se utilizan menos en el refinado de petróleo.


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