煉油用化學填料

2025-03-05

在煉油企業的蒸餾、吸收、萃取等化工單元作業中,需要特定性能的化工填料,以優化傳質和傳熱效率。下面詳細介紹常用的化工填料類型及其技術要求:

I、煉油企业

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1中常用的化工填料類型。環形填料

拉西環:結構簡單,多由陶瓷、金屬或塑料製成。最初用於蒸餾塔和吸收塔,但阻力大,效率低。目前正在逐步淘汰。

鲍尔環:拉西格環壁上開兩層矩形孔,內彎葉片增強氣液分佈,阻力降低約50%,效率提高30%。金屬材料(如不鏽鋼)適用於高溫、高壓、含硫介質(如加氫裝置).

阶梯环:高度僅爲直徑的一半,末端擴大,改善了填料與液體分佈之間的接觸。傳質效率比Pall Ring高10%至20%,常用於原油恆壓蒸餾塔的初始蒸餾段。

2.馬鞍形填料

矩鞍环:陶瓷材料,表面彎曲。液體分佈比環形填料更均勻,但容易堆疊,導致效率下降。現在較少使用。

异鞍环:改進了弧形馬鞍的對稱結構以避免堆疊,具有更高的空隙比,耐侵蝕。適用於吸收塔(如脫硫塔),陶瓷材料耐酸性介質(如H S)。

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金属矩鞍环:結合了環狀和馬鞍狀填料的優點,開啓率高、流量大、壓降低。適用於催化裂化裝置的主分餾塔和處理高負荷油氣混合物。


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3塑料常規填料填料

PP、PVC等材料,重量輕,耐低溫腐蝕,適用於常溫脫硫塔(如乙醇胺法脫除H S),但不耐高溫(通常爲120℃)。在煉油中使用較少。


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