中国广州塔内托盘安装现场

2025-03-05
塔内件是塔设备的重要组成部分,其作用是使气液两相在塔内有更好的接触,以达到理想的传质、传热效果。以下是塔内件的主要种类及安装注意事项的详细介绍:

一、塔内件的主要种类


1. 塔板(板式塔内件)

  • 泡罩塔板:带有升气管和泡罩,气液接触面积大,操作弹性大,但阻力大、结构复杂。
  • 筛板:结构简单、成本低,气体通过筛孔与液体接触,需控制气速防止漏液。
  • 浮阀塔板:浮阀可随气速调节开度,效率高、操作弹性大,是应用较广的塔板类型。
  • 舌形塔板:气体从舌孔喷出,推动液体流动,压降小、处理量大,但效率较低。

2. 填料(填料塔内件)

塑料填料.png

  • 散装填料:如拉西环、鲍尔环、阶梯环、矩鞍环等,随机堆积在塔内,气液分布较均匀。
  • 规整填料:如丝网波纹填料、板波纹填料,按规则排列,传质效率高、阻力小,适用于精密分离。

3. 分布器

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  • 液体分布器:确保液体均匀分布在填料表面,常见类型有槽式、管式、喷洒式分布器。
  • 气体分布器:使气体均匀进入塔内,多为多孔板或锥形结构。

4. 支撑结构

  • 填料支撑装置:支撑填料重量,如栅板、孔板支撑,需保证气体流通面积。
  • 塔板支撑装置:支撑塔板及液体重量,包括支座、梁、降液管支撑等。

5. 再分布器

  • 用于填料塔中,防止液体向塔壁偏流,常见类型有截锥式、槽式再分布器。

6. 除沫器

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  • 安装在塔顶,分离气相中的液滴,常用丝网除沫器、折流板除沫器,减少产品损失和环境污染。

7. 降液管(板式塔)

  • 引导液体从上层塔板流至下层,需保证液体流通顺畅,避免液泛。

二、塔内件安装的注意事项

1. 安装前的准备

  • 检查构件质量:核对塔内件的规格、尺寸、材质,确认无变形、裂纹、毛刺等缺陷(如填料表面是否光滑,塔板孔是否均匀)。
  • 清洁塔内:清除塔内铁锈、焊渣、油污等杂物,避免堵塞分布器或影响气液流通。
  • 测量与标记:按图纸在塔壁上标记安装位置(如塔板间距、支撑梁标高),确保水平度和垂直度误差不超过允许范围(通常水平度偏差≤2mm/m)。

2. 安装过程中的关键要点

  • 安装顺序
    1. 先安装支撑结构(如填料支撑栅板),确保水平度和强度,螺栓连接牢固。
    2. 安装分布器(液体分布器需与塔中心线对齐,喷淋孔无堵塞)。
    3. 装填填料时,散装填料需均匀堆积,避免架桥;规整填料按层安装,层间对齐,固定件牢固。
    4. 板式塔安装塔板时,先固定降液管,再安装塔板主体,确保塔板与支撑件紧密贴合,螺栓均匀拧紧,防止漏液。
  • 密封处理:塔板与塔壁、分布器与塔壁的连接处需使用密封垫片(如石棉橡胶垫、聚四氟乙烯垫),螺栓紧固力度均匀,避免漏气或漏液。
  • 水平度控制:每层塔板、分布器的水平度需用水平仪检测,偏差过大时通过垫片调整,确保气液分布均匀。
  • 填料装填要求
    • 散装填料装填时需分层检查,避免堆积不均导致偏流;规整填料需按编号顺序安装,层间固定件(如压圈)需压紧,防止松动。
    • 填料装填高度需符合设计要求,避免超填或欠填影响传质效率。

3. 安装后的检查与测试

  • 目视检查:确认所有构件安装到位,无松动、错位,如除沫器网块连接紧密,降液管无变形。
  • 压力测试:进行塔体气密性试验(如充水试漏或气压试验),检查塔内件连接处是否泄漏,压力降是否符合设计标准。
  • 模拟运行测试:在开车前进行水力学测试(如喷淋试验),观察液体分布是否均匀,是否存在偏流、雾沫夹带等现象,必要时调整分布器或填料结构。

4. 安全与细节注意事项

  • 安装人员需佩戴防护装备(如安全帽、安全带),塔内作业时保证通风良好,避免缺氧或有害气体积聚。
  • 对于不锈钢等特殊材质的塔内件,安装时避免使用碳钢工具,防止金属污染导致腐蚀。
  • 螺栓连接需按设计力矩拧紧,重要部位(如高压塔)需使用防松装置(如锁紧螺母、防松垫片)。

三、总结

塔内件的种类多样,其安装质量直接影响塔设备的分离效率和运行稳定性。安装时需从前期准备、过程控制到后期测试严格把关,确保构件定位准确、连接可靠、分布均匀,以实现塔设备的最佳性能。如果涉及特定工艺或复杂结构,建议参考设备厂家的安装手册或咨询专业工程师。


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